Intravenous Infusion

- Intravenous Infusion is an efficient & effective method of supplying fluids directly into the intravascular fluid compartment.

Purposes
1. To supply fluid when client are unable to take in an adequate volume of fluids by mouth.
2. To provide salts needed to maintain electrolyte balance
3. To provide water-soluble vitamins & medications
4. To provide glucose the main fuel of metabolism
5. To establish a lifeline for rapidly needed medications.

Classifications
1. Isotonic – same concentration of solute to your blood plasma.
2. Hypertonic – greater concentration of solute to your blood plasma
3. Hypertonic – lesser concentration of solute to your blood plasma

Category of Solutions According to their Purpose
1. Nutrient Solutions – rich in calorie, carbo etc.
2. Electrolyte Solution – ions/cations
3. Alkalizing Solutions – To counter act metabolic acidosis
4. Acidifying Solutions – To counter act metabolic alkalosis
5. Blood Volume Expanders – use to increase the volume of blood following severe blood loss.

Intravenous Equipment
1. Solution Container – available in various sizes
2. Infusion set:

Insertion Spike – kept sterile & inserted into the solution container when the equipment is set up & ready to start

Chamber – Permits a predictable amount of fluid to be delivered.

Micro drip Chamber Set – has a needle

Roller Valve/Screw Champ – which compresses the lumen of the tubing , controls the rate of the flow

Protective Cap Over the Needle Adapter – Maintains the sterility of the end of the tubing so that it can be attached to a sterile needle inserted in the clients vein

IV Port – required to administer secondary infusions/medications

3. IV Pole/rod – needed to hang the solution container also called as IV stand.

For Demo
1. Confirm the physicians order or check the patients chart
-To check the right procedure to the right patient

2. Do handwashing

3. Prepare the needed materials
-dry cotton balls
-wet cotton balls
-bandage scissor
-plaster 3-5 inches long #3 pieces
-receptacle
-sterile cap for KSS (keep set sterile)
-new bottle of solution (for the termination/disposable)

4. Go to the patients room.
-Knock on the door; greet the patient; introduce yourself & verify the clients identity by asking the patients complete name.
-Explain to the patient what you are going to do and why it is necessary.
-Assist the patient to a comfortable position.

Termination/Discontinue IVF
5. First I am going to demonstrate how to terminate IVF & we do this whenever patient no longer need any solution or if the patient is going to be charge. We actually throw all the materials used.

6. Make the patient comfortable. Close the roller valve in order not to be messy.

7. if the patient has splint, cut the plaster & remove the splint.

8. Get wet cotton balls soaked in an alcohol, start removing the plaster by applying wet cotton balls on the plaster starting from the peripheral side of the IV. Then lastly, on the needle side. Then inform the patient that you are going to pull the needle, pull the needle slowly. Apply pressure on the area & get a dry cotton balls on the needle site and put a plaster on it to prevent bleeding.


For KSS (Keep Set Sterile)-client not to be discharge or there might be possible complication

1. Remove the needle from the insertion point then cover the needle adapter w/ sterile cap.
2. Then return the tubing & hang it on the IV stand.
3. Instruct the patient that someone will go to her to insert an IV needle on the other part or area.
4. Do after care, handwashing & document.

Follow-up IV (needs another solution)
1. Enter patient room w/ a new bottle
2. Close roller bulb
3. Get the IV bottle
4. Kink
5. Hold the IV solution in upright position using the non-dominant hand then remove the insertion spike from the IV solution using your dominant hand.
6. Get new bottle
7. Open bottle-insert-release
8. Place on IV pole
9. Open roller valve
10. Do after care, handwashing & document such as any sign of inflammation, edema, redness & pain.