Professional Caregiving Reviewer
Sunday, June 15, 2014
Soft Tissue Injury
WOUND – is a break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal/external.
2 CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS
CLOSED WOUND
Causes:
— Blunt object results in contusions/bruises.
— Application of external forces.
Signs & symptoms:
— Pain & tenderness
— Swelling
— Discoloration
— Hematoma
— Uncontrolled restlessness
— Thirst
— Symptoms of shock
— Vomiting/cough up of blood
— Passage of blood in the unrine/stood
— Signs of blood along nose, mouth & ears.
First aid management
— Ice application
— Splinting
OPEN WOUND
Classification of open wound:
— Puncture
— Abrasion
— Laceration
— Avulsion
— Incision
Dangers
— Hemorrhage
— Shock
— infection
Kinds of bleeding
— Arterial bleeding – bright red
— Venous bleeding – dark red
— Capillary bleeding – red
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
Wound w/ severe bleeding
— Cover the wound using a dressing & secure with bandage.
— Control the bleeding
— Care for shock
— Consult a physician
Wound w/ minimal bleeding
— Clean the wound w/ soap & water
— Apply mild antiseptics
— Cover wound w/ dressing/bandage
BURNS – an injury involving the skin, including muscles, bones, nerves, & blood vessels. This result from heat, chemical, electricity, or solar & other forms of radiation.
FACTORS TO DERTERMINE
SERIOUSNESS OF BURNS
DEPTH
— 1st degree burns
— 2nd degree burns
— 3rd degree burns
The extent to the affected body surface area
— Location of the burns
— Victims, age & medical conditions.
SECOND DEGREE
— Minor – less than 15% of the body
— Moderate – 15-30% of the body
— Severe – 30% of the body
THIRD DEGREE
— Minor – 2% of the body
— Moderate – 2-10% of the body
— Severe – 10% of the body
TYPES OF BURNS INJURIES
Thermal Burns – not all thermal burns are cause by flames. Contact w/ hot objects, flammable vapor that ignites and cause a flash or explosion, & steams or hot liquid are other common cause of burns.
CARE FOR THERMAL BURNS:
CARE OF 1ST AND 2ND DEGREE BURNS
— Relieve pain by immersing the area in a cold water or applying a wet, cold cloth. If water is unavailable use only cold liquid you drink to reduce the burned skin temperature.
— Cover the burn w/ dry, non-sticking, sterile dressing or a clean cloth.
CARE OF 3RD DEGREE BURNS
— Cover the burn w/ a dry, non-sticking sterile dressing or a clean cloth.
— Treat the victim for shock by elevating the legs & keeping the victim w/ a clean sheet or blanket.
Chemical Burns – chemical will continue to cause tissue destruction until the chemical agent is removed.
CARE FOR CHEMICAL BURNS:
— Immediately remove the chemical by flushing w/ water.
— Remove the victims contaminated clothing while flushing w/ water.
— Flush for 2 mins, or longer. Let the victim wash w/ mild soap before a final rinse.
— Cover the burned area w/ a dressing, for large areas use clean pillow case.
— If the chemical is in the eye, flood it for at least 20 mins, using low pressure.
— Seek medical attention immediately for all chemical burns.
Electrical burns – exposure to electrical current depends on the type of current, the voltage, the area of the body & the duration of contact.
CARE FOR ELECTRICAL BURNS:
— Unplug, disconnect or turn off the power. If that is impossible, call the power company for help.
— Check the (ABC) airway, breathing, circulation. Provide RB & CPR if necessary.
— If the victim fell check for spinal injury.
— Treat victim for shock
— Seek medical attention immediately. Electrical injuries are treated in burns centers.
OTHER SOFT TISSUE INJURIES:
NOSE BLEEDING
FIRST AID :
— Let the pt. sit down w/ the head slightly
titled forward.
— Pinch all soft parts of the nose together
between the thumb & 2 fingers w/ steady
pressure of 5 minutes.
— Apply an ice pack over the nose & neck.
Foreign Objects
THE EYES
FIRST AID:
— Flush the object by rinsing the eye gently w/ warm water.
— Examine eyelid by pulling it down gently.
— Examine the upper lid by grasping the lashes, placing a match stick or cotton tipped swab across the upper lid & roll the upper lid.
EXTRUDED EYEBALL/KNOCKED-OUT EYED
FIRST AID:
— Cover eyes loosely w/ sterile dressing moistened w/ clean water.
— Protect injured eye w/ a paper cup.
— Cover undamaged eye w/ a patch to stop movement of the damaged eye.
— Seek medical attention immediately.
CARE FOR IMPALED OBJECTS
FIRST AID:
— Do not remove the object.
— Control any bleeding w/ direct pressure.
— Stabilize the object by securing a bulking dressing or clean cloth around the object.
DENTAL INJURIES
FIRST AID:
— Have the victim rinse his mouth & put rolled gauze pad in the socket to control bleeding.
— Find the tooth and handle it by the crown, never the rooth.
— Take the victim and the tooth to the dentist immediately.
AMPUTATION
FIRST AID:
— Care for the victims injuries.
— Took care of the amputated body parts.
— Seek medical attention immediately.
— Amputated body parts should be saved, place in ice.
— Don’t cause further injury.
— Don’t use absorbent cotton.
Monday, May 19, 2014
Caregivers here in America
I know, many of you are too excited to finish this course so that you can take the TESDA exam and finally apply for work abroad and become Caregivers. I was once too eager to graduate and become a Professional Caregiver and yep, apply abroad.
But, what do you really have to expect if you aspire to work as a Caregiver here in US? By the way, the rate may vary from State to State. But here in Minnesota if you are a CNA certified the hourly pay is from $11.00-12.00 per hour.
Caregivers in the Philippines is equivalent to Certified Nursing Assistant here in USA which other people get the short course for 12 weeks and pays $1000.00 or more. While if you apply in senior living for like housekeeping, if you are interested to become CNA you can get the training for 2 weeks and for free. I have friend who is working in a Housekeeping Services in a Senior Living and her co-workers advised her not to take CNA Training because its really difficult and requires a lot of work. Some of them were CNA before, but choose to do the Housekeeping jobs. It is more difficult if you are in-charge of bedridden clients or obese which are heavy to lift.
What does a CNA/Caregiver does in a Senior Living?
Usually, a CNA's/Caregivers job is mainly on the residents well being. Such as the care and assists residents of their ADL; complete clinical documentation; taking vital signs; making sure that her environment is safe and comfortable etc.
Yeah, you don't do the laundry, cooking or cleaning because there are other people who are assigned to do those work. What ever is your job description, that will be the only thing that you will do.
What about if you apply as a Caregiver in a Homecare Setting?
They call it here as CNA HHA (Hospice Homecare. You may be doing all the duties of a CNA/Caregivers in a Senior Living Setting and other work that may includes preparing meals, running errands for the client, grocery shopping, housekeeping tasks, doing laundry. Don't worry, washing maching here in US is very different from what we have in the Philippines. You're hands will not even get wet when you do laundry. And when you wash the dishes, they also have dish washers here, so its easy. It is important though that you know how to drive so you can do the errands.
Saturday, July 28, 2012
Mental Health
- is a state of emotional, psychological & social wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior & coping a positive self-concept & emotional stability.
Components of Mental Health
- Autonomy & independence
- Maximizing one’s potential
- Tolerating life’s uncertainties
- Self-esteem
- Mastering the environment
- Reality orientation
- Stress management
Factors influencing a Person’s Mental Health can be Categorized as:
1. Individual Factors
- Person’s biologic makeup
- Having a sense of harmony in one’s life
- Vitality
- Finding meaning in life
- Emotional resilience/hardiness
- Spirituality
- Positive Identity
2. Interpersonal Factors
- Effective communication
- Helping others
- Intimacy
- Maintaining a balance of separateness & connection
3. Social/Cultural Factors
Age, Growth & Development - A person’s age can affect how he or she copes with illness or expresses illness
Genetic & Biologic Factors – Not under our control & are a result of our biologic makeup
Physical Health & Health Practices
– The healthier a person is, the better he or she can cope with strss or illness
- Personal health practices can have an impact on the clients response to illness
Self-Efficacy – Belief that personal abilities & efforts affect the events in our
lives
Hardiness – Person’s ability to resist illness when under stress
Resilience – Defined as having healthy responses to tressful circumstances or risky situations
Resourcefulness – Involves using problem-solving abilities & believing that one can cope with adverse or novel situations.
Spirituality – involves the essesnce of a person’s being & his or her beliefs about the meaning of life & the purpose for living.
Social Factors
– Sense of community
- Access to adequate resources
- intolerance of violence
- Support of diversity among people
Sense of Belonging
– Feeling of connectedness or involvement in a social system or environment of which a person feels an integral part.
- Involves of both feelings of value & fit
Social Networks – Groups of people whom one knows & with whom one feels connected
Social Support – emotional sustenance that comes from friends, family members, & even health care providers who help a person when a problem arises.
Family Support – Source of social support can be a key factor in the recovery of
clients with psychiatric illnesses.
Mental Illness – Seen as a medical problem with symptoms causing dissatisfaction with one’s characteristics, abilities & accomplishments; ineffective or unsatisfying interpersonal relationships; dissatisfaction with one’s place in the world; ineffective coping with life events; & lack of personal growth.
A Person should be Able to Do the Following:
1. S – self-awareness
2. I – Interpersonal relationship
3. R – Reality
4. A – Activities of Daily Living
Factors Contributing to Mental Illness
- Biologic factors & anxiety, worries & fears
- Ineffective communication
- Excessive dependece or withdrawal from relationships & loss of emotional control
- Lack of resources
- Exposure to violence, homelessness, poverty & discrimination
Personality Components
1. Id (More on Pleasurable Desire)
- Part of one’s nature that reflects basic desires, such as pleasure seeking behavior, aggression & sexual impulses.
- Seeks instant gratification, causes impulsive, unthinking behavior & has no regard for rules or social convention.
2. Superego (Moralistic Principle)
- Part of one’s nature that reflects moral & ethical concepts, values, parental & social expectations; therefore, it is in direct opposition to the Id.
3. Ego (Realistic Principle)
- Balancing or mediating force between the id & the superego
- Thought to represent mature & adaptive behavior, which allows people to function successfully in the world.
3 Levels of Awareness
1. Conscious – refers to the perceptions, thoughts & emotions that exist in the person’s awareness.
2. Preconscious – not concurrently in the person’s awareness, but they can be recalled with some effort.
3. Unconscious – the realm of thoughts & feelings that motivate a person, even though he or she is totally aware of them.
- Include most defense mechanisms & some instinctual drives or motivation.
Ego Defense Mechanisms
- Unconscious methods of attempting to protect the self & cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thoughts, feelings or events.
1. Compensation – Overachievement in one area to offset real or perceived deficiencies in another area.
2. Conversion – Expression of an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom, usually sensorimotor in nature.
3. Denial – Failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition; faliure to admit the reality of a situation, or how one enables the problem to continue.
4. Displacement – Ventilation of intense feelings toward persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings
5. Fixation – Immobilization of a portion of the personality resulting from unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage.
6. Identification – Modeling actions and opinions of influential others, while searching for identity or aspiring to reach a personal, social, or occupational goal.
7. Introjection – acccepting another person’s attitudes, beliefs & values as one’s own.
8. Projection – Unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object.
9. Rationalization – excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety or loss of self-respect.
10. Reaction Formation – acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels
11. Regression – Moving back to previous develommental stage in order to feel safe or have needs met
12. Repression – excluding emotionally painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts & feelings from conscious awareness.
13. Sublimation – Substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable.
14. Substitution – Replacing the desired grtification with one that is more readily available.
15. Suppression – Conscious forgetting, a deliberate process of thought blocking.
16. Undoing – an attempt to erase an act, thought, feeling or desire.
17. Intellectualization – the feelings use of rational explanations to justify unacceptable behavior.
18. Fantasy – conscious distortion of unconscious feelings or wishes.
Heirarchy of Needs
1. Physiological Needs – food, water, sleep, shelter, sexual expression & freedom from pain.
2. Safety & Security – protection, security & freedom from harm or threatened deprivation
3. Love & Belonging – enduring intimacy, friendship & acceptance
4. Self-esteem – need for self-respect & esteem from others.
5. Self-actualization – highest level; need for beauty, truth & justice
Components of Mental Health
- Autonomy & independence
- Maximizing one’s potential
- Tolerating life’s uncertainties
- Self-esteem
- Mastering the environment
- Reality orientation
- Stress management
Factors influencing a Person’s Mental Health can be Categorized as:
1. Individual Factors
- Person’s biologic makeup
- Having a sense of harmony in one’s life
- Vitality
- Finding meaning in life
- Emotional resilience/hardiness
- Spirituality
- Positive Identity
2. Interpersonal Factors
- Effective communication
- Helping others
- Intimacy
- Maintaining a balance of separateness & connection
3. Social/Cultural Factors
Age, Growth & Development - A person’s age can affect how he or she copes with illness or expresses illness
Genetic & Biologic Factors – Not under our control & are a result of our biologic makeup
Physical Health & Health Practices
– The healthier a person is, the better he or she can cope with strss or illness
- Personal health practices can have an impact on the clients response to illness
Self-Efficacy – Belief that personal abilities & efforts affect the events in our
lives
Hardiness – Person’s ability to resist illness when under stress
Resilience – Defined as having healthy responses to tressful circumstances or risky situations
Resourcefulness – Involves using problem-solving abilities & believing that one can cope with adverse or novel situations.
Spirituality – involves the essesnce of a person’s being & his or her beliefs about the meaning of life & the purpose for living.
Social Factors
– Sense of community
- Access to adequate resources
- intolerance of violence
- Support of diversity among people
Sense of Belonging
– Feeling of connectedness or involvement in a social system or environment of which a person feels an integral part.
- Involves of both feelings of value & fit
Social Networks – Groups of people whom one knows & with whom one feels connected
Social Support – emotional sustenance that comes from friends, family members, & even health care providers who help a person when a problem arises.
Family Support – Source of social support can be a key factor in the recovery of
clients with psychiatric illnesses.
Mental Illness – Seen as a medical problem with symptoms causing dissatisfaction with one’s characteristics, abilities & accomplishments; ineffective or unsatisfying interpersonal relationships; dissatisfaction with one’s place in the world; ineffective coping with life events; & lack of personal growth.
A Person should be Able to Do the Following:
1. S – self-awareness
2. I – Interpersonal relationship
3. R – Reality
4. A – Activities of Daily Living
Factors Contributing to Mental Illness
- Biologic factors & anxiety, worries & fears
- Ineffective communication
- Excessive dependece or withdrawal from relationships & loss of emotional control
- Lack of resources
- Exposure to violence, homelessness, poverty & discrimination
Personality Components
1. Id (More on Pleasurable Desire)
- Part of one’s nature that reflects basic desires, such as pleasure seeking behavior, aggression & sexual impulses.
- Seeks instant gratification, causes impulsive, unthinking behavior & has no regard for rules or social convention.
2. Superego (Moralistic Principle)
- Part of one’s nature that reflects moral & ethical concepts, values, parental & social expectations; therefore, it is in direct opposition to the Id.
3. Ego (Realistic Principle)
- Balancing or mediating force between the id & the superego
- Thought to represent mature & adaptive behavior, which allows people to function successfully in the world.
3 Levels of Awareness
1. Conscious – refers to the perceptions, thoughts & emotions that exist in the person’s awareness.
2. Preconscious – not concurrently in the person’s awareness, but they can be recalled with some effort.
3. Unconscious – the realm of thoughts & feelings that motivate a person, even though he or she is totally aware of them.
- Include most defense mechanisms & some instinctual drives or motivation.
Ego Defense Mechanisms
- Unconscious methods of attempting to protect the self & cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thoughts, feelings or events.
1. Compensation – Overachievement in one area to offset real or perceived deficiencies in another area.
2. Conversion – Expression of an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom, usually sensorimotor in nature.
3. Denial – Failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition; faliure to admit the reality of a situation, or how one enables the problem to continue.
4. Displacement – Ventilation of intense feelings toward persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings
5. Fixation – Immobilization of a portion of the personality resulting from unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage.
6. Identification – Modeling actions and opinions of influential others, while searching for identity or aspiring to reach a personal, social, or occupational goal.
7. Introjection – acccepting another person’s attitudes, beliefs & values as one’s own.
8. Projection – Unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object.
9. Rationalization – excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety or loss of self-respect.
10. Reaction Formation – acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels
11. Regression – Moving back to previous develommental stage in order to feel safe or have needs met
12. Repression – excluding emotionally painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts & feelings from conscious awareness.
13. Sublimation – Substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable.
14. Substitution – Replacing the desired grtification with one that is more readily available.
15. Suppression – Conscious forgetting, a deliberate process of thought blocking.
16. Undoing – an attempt to erase an act, thought, feeling or desire.
17. Intellectualization – the feelings use of rational explanations to justify unacceptable behavior.
18. Fantasy – conscious distortion of unconscious feelings or wishes.
Heirarchy of Needs
1. Physiological Needs – food, water, sleep, shelter, sexual expression & freedom from pain.
2. Safety & Security – protection, security & freedom from harm or threatened deprivation
3. Love & Belonging – enduring intimacy, friendship & acceptance
4. Self-esteem – need for self-respect & esteem from others.
5. Self-actualization – highest level; need for beauty, truth & justice
TRANSFERRING BETWEEN BED & CHAIR
Purpose:
1. To strengthen the patient gradually
2. To provide a change in position
Equipments:
- Robe or appropriate clothing
- Slippers or shoes
- Chair or wheelchair
Assessment:
- The clients body size
- Ability to follow instructions
- Activity tolerance
- Muscle strength
- Joint mobility
- Presence of paralysis
- Level of comfort
- The technique with wich the client is familiar
- The skill & strength of the caregiver
Preparation:
- Plan what to do & how to do it.
- Obtain essential equipment before starting & check if it is functional
- Remove obstacles from the area used for the transfer
Performance:
1. Introduce self & verify the clients identity using the agency protocol. Explain the transfer process to the patient.
- This facilitates cooperation of the patient
2.Perform hand hygiene.
- Hand hygiene deters the spread of microorganisms.
3. Provide for client privacy.
4. Position the equipment appropriately.
- Lower the bed to its lower position so that the clients feet will rest flat on the floor. Lock the wheels of the bed.
- Place the wheelchair parallel to the bed as close to the bed as possible.
Put the wheelchair on the side of the bed that allows the client to move toward his or her stronger side.
- Lock the wheels of the wheelchair & raise the footplate.
5. Prepare & assess the client
- Assist the client to a sitting position on the side of the bed.
- Assess the client for orthostatic hypotention before moving the client from the bed.
- Assist the client in putting on a bathrobe & slippers
- Place a transfer belt snugly around the client’s waist. Check to be certain that the belt is securely fastened.
6. Give explicit instructions to the client;
Ask the client to:
- Move forward & sit on the edge of the bed. This brings the clients center of gravitycloser to the nurse’s
- Lean forward sligtly from the hips. This brings the clients center of gravity more directly over the base of support & positions the head & trunk in the direction of the movement.
- Place the foot of the stronger leg beneath the edge of the bed & put the other foot forward. In this way, the client can use the stronger leg muscles to stand & power the movement. A broader base of support makes the client more stable during the transfer.
- Place the client’s hands on the bed surface or on your shoulders so that the client can push while standing. This provides additional force for the movement & reduces the the potential for strain on the nurse’s back. The client should not grasp your neck for support. Doing so can injure the nurse.
7. Position yourself correctly.
- Stand directly infront of the client. Encircle the clients waist w/ your arms & grasp the transfer belt at the clients back if there is any. The belt provides a secure handle for holding on the client & controlling the movement.
8. Assist the client to stand & then move together toward the wheelchair.
- On the count of three, ask the client to push with the back foot, rock to the forward foor & extend the joints of the lower extremities. Push or pull up with the hands, while pushing w/ the forward foot, rock to the back foot, extend the joints of the lower extremities & pull the client into a standing position.
- Support the client in an upright standing position for a few moments. This allows the nurse & the client to extend the joints & provides the nurse w/ an oportunity to ensure that the client is stable before moving away from the bed.
- Together, pivot or take few steps toward the wheelchair.
9. Assist the client to sit.
Ask the client to:
a. Back up to the wheelchair & place the legs against the seat.
- Having the client place the legs against the wheelchair seat minimizes the risk of the client falling when sitting down.
b. Place the fot of the stronger leg sligtly behind the other.
- This supports body weight during the movement
c. Keep the other foot forward.
- This provides a broad base of support.
d. Place both hands on the wheelchair arms or on your shoulders.
- This increases stability & lessens the strain on the nurse.
• Stand directly infront of the client. Place one foot forward & one back.
• Tighten your grasp on the trasnsfer belt & tighten your leg, gluteal, abdominal & arm musles.
• On the count of three, have the client shift the body weight & lower the body onto the edge of the wheelchair seat by flexing the joints of the legs arms.
10. Ensure client safety.
- Ask the client to push back into the wheelchair seat.
- Lower the footplates & place the clients feet on them.
- Apply a seat belt as required.
11. Documentation
- Clients ability to bear weight & pivot
- Number of staff needed for transfer
- Length of time up in chair
- Clients response to transfer & being up in chair or wheelchair.
1. To strengthen the patient gradually
2. To provide a change in position
Equipments:
- Robe or appropriate clothing
- Slippers or shoes
- Chair or wheelchair
Assessment:
- The clients body size
- Ability to follow instructions
- Activity tolerance
- Muscle strength
- Joint mobility
- Presence of paralysis
- Level of comfort
- The technique with wich the client is familiar
- The skill & strength of the caregiver
Preparation:
- Plan what to do & how to do it.
- Obtain essential equipment before starting & check if it is functional
- Remove obstacles from the area used for the transfer
Performance:
1. Introduce self & verify the clients identity using the agency protocol. Explain the transfer process to the patient.
- This facilitates cooperation of the patient
2.Perform hand hygiene.
- Hand hygiene deters the spread of microorganisms.
3. Provide for client privacy.
4. Position the equipment appropriately.
- Lower the bed to its lower position so that the clients feet will rest flat on the floor. Lock the wheels of the bed.
- Place the wheelchair parallel to the bed as close to the bed as possible.
Put the wheelchair on the side of the bed that allows the client to move toward his or her stronger side.
- Lock the wheels of the wheelchair & raise the footplate.
5. Prepare & assess the client
- Assist the client to a sitting position on the side of the bed.
- Assess the client for orthostatic hypotention before moving the client from the bed.
- Assist the client in putting on a bathrobe & slippers
- Place a transfer belt snugly around the client’s waist. Check to be certain that the belt is securely fastened.
6. Give explicit instructions to the client;
Ask the client to:
- Move forward & sit on the edge of the bed. This brings the clients center of gravitycloser to the nurse’s
- Lean forward sligtly from the hips. This brings the clients center of gravity more directly over the base of support & positions the head & trunk in the direction of the movement.
- Place the foot of the stronger leg beneath the edge of the bed & put the other foot forward. In this way, the client can use the stronger leg muscles to stand & power the movement. A broader base of support makes the client more stable during the transfer.
- Place the client’s hands on the bed surface or on your shoulders so that the client can push while standing. This provides additional force for the movement & reduces the the potential for strain on the nurse’s back. The client should not grasp your neck for support. Doing so can injure the nurse.
7. Position yourself correctly.
- Stand directly infront of the client. Encircle the clients waist w/ your arms & grasp the transfer belt at the clients back if there is any. The belt provides a secure handle for holding on the client & controlling the movement.
8. Assist the client to stand & then move together toward the wheelchair.
- On the count of three, ask the client to push with the back foot, rock to the forward foor & extend the joints of the lower extremities. Push or pull up with the hands, while pushing w/ the forward foot, rock to the back foot, extend the joints of the lower extremities & pull the client into a standing position.
- Support the client in an upright standing position for a few moments. This allows the nurse & the client to extend the joints & provides the nurse w/ an oportunity to ensure that the client is stable before moving away from the bed.
- Together, pivot or take few steps toward the wheelchair.
9. Assist the client to sit.
Ask the client to:
a. Back up to the wheelchair & place the legs against the seat.
- Having the client place the legs against the wheelchair seat minimizes the risk of the client falling when sitting down.
b. Place the fot of the stronger leg sligtly behind the other.
- This supports body weight during the movement
c. Keep the other foot forward.
- This provides a broad base of support.
d. Place both hands on the wheelchair arms or on your shoulders.
- This increases stability & lessens the strain on the nurse.
• Stand directly infront of the client. Place one foot forward & one back.
• Tighten your grasp on the trasnsfer belt & tighten your leg, gluteal, abdominal & arm musles.
• On the count of three, have the client shift the body weight & lower the body onto the edge of the wheelchair seat by flexing the joints of the legs arms.
10. Ensure client safety.
- Ask the client to push back into the wheelchair seat.
- Lower the footplates & place the clients feet on them.
- Apply a seat belt as required.
11. Documentation
- Clients ability to bear weight & pivot
- Number of staff needed for transfer
- Length of time up in chair
- Clients response to transfer & being up in chair or wheelchair.
Possible Interview Questions Part 2
1. How did you determine the inflation point in taking BP?
- Last pulse during inflation & add 30
2. Why do you encourage client to urinate prior to bathing?
- To pevent client from urinating during bed bathing
3. How will you undress the client w/ right sided paralysis?
- To undress the unaffected part first
- To dress the paralyzed part first
4. The purpose of plastic rubber draw sheet.
- Prevent bed sheet from being wet
5. Importance of indwelling urinary catheter care
- Prevent further infection
- Pevent ascending infection
- UTI silent killer
6. How would you change the position in immobilized patient?
- Several times
7. Why do we nneed to apply the principles of body mechanics when transfering immobilized/disabled client?
- Prevent injury
- Good blood circulation
8. Considerations in preparing meals in elderly client?
- Food that are nutritious & w/ proper diet
- Medical condition
- Ability to eat
- Preference
9. ABC’s in CPR
- Checking airway, breathing & circulation
10. Indication to stop CPR
- Physician takes over
- Operator exhausted
- Sign of life
- Turn-over to emergency medical service
- Last pulse during inflation & add 30
2. Why do you encourage client to urinate prior to bathing?
- To pevent client from urinating during bed bathing
3. How will you undress the client w/ right sided paralysis?
- To undress the unaffected part first
- To dress the paralyzed part first
4. The purpose of plastic rubber draw sheet.
- Prevent bed sheet from being wet
5. Importance of indwelling urinary catheter care
- Prevent further infection
- Pevent ascending infection
- UTI silent killer
6. How would you change the position in immobilized patient?
- Several times
7. Why do we nneed to apply the principles of body mechanics when transfering immobilized/disabled client?
- Prevent injury
- Good blood circulation
8. Considerations in preparing meals in elderly client?
- Food that are nutritious & w/ proper diet
- Medical condition
- Ability to eat
- Preference
9. ABC’s in CPR
- Checking airway, breathing & circulation
10. Indication to stop CPR
- Physician takes over
- Operator exhausted
- Sign of life
- Turn-over to emergency medical service
Possible Interview Questions
1. Importance of backrub to a bed ridden client?
- To stimulate circulation, prevent bedsore & promote relaxation
2. Basic comsideration in assisting client personal needs?
- Maintain persons privacy & dignity of the client
3. How could you help your client maintain his self-esteem & sense of independence?
- Encourage him to do as much function as possible.
4. Important safety precautions must be done when transferring client from bed to wheelchair.
- Lock the wheels of wheelchair & the bed.
5. Physical changes related to aging.
- Reflexes are slow
- hair turns gray & change in textue
- all body processes are slow
- loss of skin elasticicity
- fat becomes thin & more fragile
- senses becomes less accurate needs aid like eyeglasses, hearing aid.
- Posture become more stalk
6. Basic role to client w/ Alzheimer’s disease.
- Supervise closely don’t restrain the client
- Remind patient of time, date, names of all kind.
7. Effective way to control the spread of infection.
- Handwashing
8. Safety precautions to be observed when caring the client w/ diminidhed vision.
- Maintain a footlight during the night
- Arrange furnishing, personal items for convenient, confers & safety of client.
9. Prevent fall/slip in the bathroom?
- Keep the bathroom dry at all times
- Make a dry cloth available
- Use non-skid mats
10. How would you know if the bottle contents are poisonous?
- Symbol of skull or logo bonw
- If no date of expiration available
- If it is expired
11. Protectibe devices for infection control?
- Gloves
- Masks
- Gogles
- Gown
- Cap
- Apron
- Slippers
12. Common signs that a diabetic client has low blood sugar.
- Pale palm
- Drowsiness
- Sweating
- Tremors
- cold clamy skin
- diminished vision
13. Typical sign of impending heart attack?
- Chest pain
- Not relieved by rest (angina pectous)
- Increased Blood Pressure
- DOB
- Stiffness muscle
14. 1st comon sign of infection
- Fever (such as 38 C)
- Increased WBC/body malaise
15. Client has BP 150/100.
- Seek medical assistance call emergency hotline
- Advice client to take in usual medication
16. Respond to cancers patient who wish to die now?
- Allow client to release ventilate feeling
- Make client comfortable
- Be a good listener. Why? Because silence is therapeutic
17. How would you react when criticize by colleagues?
- Ignore them & do your job well
- Inform your head/supervisor
18. Recommended diet for an elderly w/ heart disease
- Recommended fat, low Na regular diet, decrease fat
19. Most immportant consideration when preparing meals for diabetic client.
- Calorie measures
- Sugar content of the foods
- Total caloric content
- Sugar in the diet
- To stimulate circulation, prevent bedsore & promote relaxation
2. Basic comsideration in assisting client personal needs?
- Maintain persons privacy & dignity of the client
3. How could you help your client maintain his self-esteem & sense of independence?
- Encourage him to do as much function as possible.
4. Important safety precautions must be done when transferring client from bed to wheelchair.
- Lock the wheels of wheelchair & the bed.
5. Physical changes related to aging.
- Reflexes are slow
- hair turns gray & change in textue
- all body processes are slow
- loss of skin elasticicity
- fat becomes thin & more fragile
- senses becomes less accurate needs aid like eyeglasses, hearing aid.
- Posture become more stalk
6. Basic role to client w/ Alzheimer’s disease.
- Supervise closely don’t restrain the client
- Remind patient of time, date, names of all kind.
7. Effective way to control the spread of infection.
- Handwashing
8. Safety precautions to be observed when caring the client w/ diminidhed vision.
- Maintain a footlight during the night
- Arrange furnishing, personal items for convenient, confers & safety of client.
9. Prevent fall/slip in the bathroom?
- Keep the bathroom dry at all times
- Make a dry cloth available
- Use non-skid mats
10. How would you know if the bottle contents are poisonous?
- Symbol of skull or logo bonw
- If no date of expiration available
- If it is expired
11. Protectibe devices for infection control?
- Gloves
- Masks
- Gogles
- Gown
- Cap
- Apron
- Slippers
12. Common signs that a diabetic client has low blood sugar.
- Pale palm
- Drowsiness
- Sweating
- Tremors
- cold clamy skin
- diminished vision
13. Typical sign of impending heart attack?
- Chest pain
- Not relieved by rest (angina pectous)
- Increased Blood Pressure
- DOB
- Stiffness muscle
14. 1st comon sign of infection
- Fever (such as 38 C)
- Increased WBC/body malaise
15. Client has BP 150/100.
- Seek medical assistance call emergency hotline
- Advice client to take in usual medication
16. Respond to cancers patient who wish to die now?
- Allow client to release ventilate feeling
- Make client comfortable
- Be a good listener. Why? Because silence is therapeutic
17. How would you react when criticize by colleagues?
- Ignore them & do your job well
- Inform your head/supervisor
18. Recommended diet for an elderly w/ heart disease
- Recommended fat, low Na regular diet, decrease fat
19. Most immportant consideration when preparing meals for diabetic client.
- Calorie measures
- Sugar content of the foods
- Total caloric content
- Sugar in the diet
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